B12 is safe on its own, but a few conditions call for extra care, which is why a provider reviews your history before treatment: Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, a rare inherited eye condition, where certain forms of B12 may be a concern for the optic nerve
Its a tri-agonist targeting three separate receptor systems simultaneously: The GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), and glucagon receptors
This does not mean zero drug reaches CNS targets, but it does mean the fraction is likely small and the pharmacokinetic profile is poorly characterized for that route
What isn't established is that this translates into the dramatic, precisely-quantified superiority commonly claimed, and what's often left out entirely is that topical GHK-Cu, including our own 1% GHK-Cu Face and Skin Serum, has more, not less, human clinical evidence behind it, plus a regulated supply chain with verifiable manufacturing standards